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How It Actually Works

Why the machine does what it does. No task required.

How It Actually Works articles

10 posts
How It Actually Works14 min

Your CPU Has More Cores Than Your Job Can Use

Some work splits cleanly across hundreds of cores. Other work is a chain of steps where every new step has to wait for the last one to finish.

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How It Actually Works16 min

Your Password Isn’t as Random as You Think

Crack-time calculators measure the size of a theoretical password space—not how people actually choose passwords or how attackers search them.

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How It Actually Works19 min

Google Maps Doesn't Store Your Route. It Stores Something Smarter.

Instead of calculating every journey in advance, routing systems restructure the map so that a search can ignore almost everything and still find the right road.

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How It Actually Works16 min

An AI Can Score Higher Without Knowing More

Most benchmarks give a wrong guess the same score as “I don’t know,” so a model can climb the leaderboard without learning anything new.

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How It Actually Works14 min

What Happens to Your Internet When an Undersea Cable Is Cut?

Three cables were cut in the Red Sea in 2024 and the traffic graphs did not move. Here is why that happened, and the two places where it stops being true.

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How It Actually Works14 min

Why Doesn't More RAM Make My Computer Faster?

Your memory bar has room to spare and the machine is still slow. The processor is not working hard, it is waiting for numbers to arrive, and buying more memory does not shorten that wait.

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How It Actually Works14 min

Why Is ChatGPT Losing Money If Everyone Pays?

Every software business ever built rested on one property: the second copy is free. AI is the first product sold at scale where that stopped being true, and it is why the price per token keeps falling while the bills keep climbing.

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How It Actually Works15 min

Why Is AI So Expensive to Run?

Google's index is more than a hundred thousand times bigger than a large AI model, and the small one is the expensive one. Here is where the money actually goes, and why your answer costs more than your question.

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How It Actually Works15 min

Why Does AI Write One Word at a Time Even on a Fast GPU?

It is not the model thinking. To write a single word the machine reads every number in the file, and the pipe carrying those numbers is narrower than the cores are fast. The arithmetic fits on an envelope.

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How It Actually Works17 min

Why Does AI Ignore an Instruction That Is Still Sitting Right There?

It is resent on every single turn and read straight past. Instruction-following falls from 88% to 71% by your third message. The mechanism, the measurements, and the one line that fixes it.

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